Free Ecology & Energy Calculators

The factors are inputs, not assertions

An emissions figure depends on choices a calculator usually makes for you and never mentions: the assumed load factor, whether cargo carries part of the burden, how cabin class is weighted, and whether non-CO2 effects are counted at all. Those are editable inputs here, with published defaults linked to their source and the year stated, so you can see how much of the answer is measurement and how much is modelling.

Why two honest calculators disagree

Run the same flight through two reputable tools and the answers can differ by a factor of two. That is not one of them being wrong; it is the four modelling choices above resolving differently. Each page here has a section naming those choices, which is more useful than a confident single number.

Describing, not advising

The solar tool sizes an array from irradiance you supply and shows the payback arithmetic. It does not tell you whether to buy, and it does not promise a saving, because that depends on tariffs, incentives and a roof none of us can see from here.